However, on November 1, 1793, he married Hannah Nicholson, daughter of the well-connected Commodore James Nicholson. Shortly afterwards, Madison replaced Secretary of State Smith with James Monroe, and Gallatin withdrew his resignation request. The Gallatin River, named by the Lewis and Clark expedition, is one of three rivers (along with the Jefferson River and the Madison River) that converge near Three Forks, Montana to form the Missouri River. The Gallatin School of Individualized Study at New York University honors his founding. Albert Gallatin nació en Ginebra, Suiza.Pertenecía a una familia acomodada que emigró a Massachusetts en 1780. Get reviews, hours, directions, coupons and more for Albert Gallatin Municipal Authority at RR 1, Point Marion, PA 15474. The town of Three Forks is in Gallatin County, Montana, and Montana also hosts Gallatin National Forest and Gallatin Range. Throughout his later political career, Gallatin worked towards the peaceable resolution of the Northeastern Boundary Dispute (1783-1842) between the US and the British […] [12], Gallatin disliked living in New England, instead preferring to become a farmer in the Trans-Appalachian West, which at that point was the frontier of American settlement. August 1849 in Astoria (heute Teil von Queens), New York)[1] war ein Genfer-amerikanischer Politiker (Demokratisch-Republikanische Partei), Ethnologe, Linguist und Diplomat. They reached Cape Ann on July 14 and arrived in Boston the next day, traveling the intervening thirty miles by horseback. [14], In 1789, Gallatin married Sophie Allègre, [15] the daughter of a Richmond boardinghouse owner, but Allègre died just five months into the marriage. Get Accredited Login Welcome to BBB Northwest + Pacific. In a letter to Jefferson, Gallatin argued that the bank was indispensable because it served as a place of deposit for government funds, a source of credit, and a regulator of currency. Gallatin was deeply displeased by the appointment of Smith, and he was frequently criticized by Smith's brother, Senator Samuel Smith, as well as journalist William Duane of the influential Philadelphia Aurora . Particularly offensive to many Americans was the British practice of impressment, in which the British forced captured American sailors to crew British ships. Jefferson had doubts about the constitutionality of the purchase, but Gallatin helped convince the president that a constitutional amendment authorizing the purchase was impractical and unnecessary. He enjoyed the simple life and the natural environment surrounding him. [63] He was alarmed at the possibility Jackson might win, as he saw Jackson as "an honest man and the idol of the worshippers of military glory, but from incapacity, military habits, and habitual disregard of laws and constitutional provisions, altogether unfit for the office." Mr. Gallatin came to Sacramento City in 1860 via ship at the request of family to avoid impending rebellion. [38] Burrows says of Gallatin: His own fears of personal dependency and his small-shopkeeper's sense of integrity, both reinforced by a strain of radical republican thought that originated in England a century earlier, convinced him that public debts were a nursery of multiple public evils—corruption, legislative impotence, executive tyranny, social inequality, financial speculation, and personal indolence. [9], In April 1780, Gallatin secretly left Geneva with his classmate Henri Serre. Gallatin developed a personal relationship with Cherokee tribal leader John Ridge, who provided him with information on the vocabulary and the structure of the Cherokee language. Gallatin is commemorated in the naming of a number of counties, roads, and streets, as well as through his association with New York University. With his studies of the languages of Native Americans, he has been called "the father of American ethnology. [39], Shortly after taking office, Gallatin worked with House Ways and Means Committee Chairman John Randolph to reduce federal spending and reduce or abolish all internal taxes, including the tax on whiskey. In the election of 1824, Gallatin was nominated for Vice President by the Democratic-Republican Congressional caucus. Carrying letters of recommendation from eminent Americans (including Benjamin Franklin) that the Gallatin family procured, the young men left France in May, sailing on an American ship, "the Kattie". It is located north of the Treasury Building (Washington, D.C.), at 15th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. [51], Following the repeal of the Embargo Act of 1807, Gallatin was charged with enforcing the Non-Intercourse Act of 1809, which lifted parts of the trade embargo but still prevented American ships from engaging in trade with the British and French empires. [60] While serving as ambassador to France, he helped negotiate the Rush–Bagot Treaty and the Treaty of 1818, two treaties with Britain that settled several issues left over from the War of 1812 and established joint Anglo-American over Oregon Country. [16] He was in mourning for a number of years and seriously considered returning to Geneva. [22], Gallatin had strongly opposed the 1791 establishment of an excise tax on whiskey, as whiskey trade and production constituted an important part of the Western economy. Washington, D.C. These diverse interests would help to distinguish Gallatin both as a financier and as a humanitarian. [40] He presided over dramatic reductions in military spending, particularly for the United States Navy. Wiley-Blackwell. Both Jefferson and Gallatin regarded control of the port of New Orleans, which was ceded in the purchase, as the key to the development of the Western United States. Gallatin retained much of Hamilton's financial system, though he also presided over a reduction in the national debt prior to the War of 1812. Congressman at, United States Minister to the United Kingdom, NYU's Gallatin School of Individualized Study, Albert Gallatin House; Friendship Hill National Historic Site, List of foreign-born United States Cabinet Secretaries, List of United States Senators born outside the United States, To James Madison from William Jones, 14 January 1813, How Britain Won the War of 1812: The Royal Navy's Blockades of the United States, 1812–1815, "Rush-Bagot Pact, 1817 and Convention of 1818", "A Synopsis of the Indian Tribes Within the United States East of the Rocky Mountains, and in the British and Russian Possessions in North America", Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography, "Index to Politicians: Gallaher to Gallmeyer", Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY ON THE SUBJECT OF PUBLIC ROADS AND CANALS", United States Senator (Class 1) from Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district, United States Secretaries of the Treasury, Ambassadors of the United States of America to the Court of St. James's, Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics, Center on the Administration of Criminal Law, Furman Center for Real Estate and Urban Policy, Journal of Intellectual Property and Entertainment Law, Journal of International Law and Politics, NYU Catherine B. Reynolds Program for Social Entrepreneurship, Rudin Center for Transportation Policy & Management, Rusk Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Eastern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association, Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Archives, List of New York University honorary degree recipients, List of Presidents of New York University, Culture, Education, and Human Development, Mingo Creek Presbyterian Church and Churchyard, Lobb's Cemetery and Yohogania County Courthouse Site. [61], Upon returning to the United States, Gallatin agreed to serve as William H. Crawford's running mate in the 1824 presidential election, but later withdrew from the race at Crawford's request. [24] Gallatin helped persuade many of the angered farmers to end the rebellion, urging them to accept that "if any one part of the Union are suffered to oppose by force the determination of the whole, there is an end to government itself and of course to the Union." Abraham Alfonse Albert Gallatin, nado o 29 de xaneiro de 1761 e finado o 12 de agosto de 1849, foi un político, diplomático, etnólogo e lingüista suízo-estadounidense.Foi congresista, senador, embaixador e foi o máis duradeiro Secretario do Tesouro dos Estados Unidos de América.En 1831, axudou a fundar a Universidade da Cidade de Nova York, hoxe Universidade de Nova York. The Albert Gallatin Area School District, located in south western Fayette County, Pennsylvania, and having contained within Gallatin's home, Friendship Hill, is also named after Gallatin. In January 1773, Gallatin was sent to study at the elite Academy of Geneva. In 1826 and 1827, he served as the ambassador to Britain and negotiated several agreements, such as a ten-year extension of the joint occupation of Oregon Country. Friends of Pictet, who had learned that Gallatin had traveled to the United States, convinced Harvard College to employ Gallatin as a French tutor. With Gallatin taking charge of fiscal policy, the new administration sought to lower taxation (though not import duties), spending, and the national debt; debt reduction in particular had long been a key goal of the party and Gallatin himself. [64] Ultimately, John Quincy Adams won the 1824 presidential election in a contingent election held in the House of Representatives. Gallatin received a recess appointment in May 1801 and was confirmed by the Senate in January 1802. Hinman has been represented to me as incapacitated by age & inattention to his duty.—Albert Gallatin” (RC in DNA: RG 59, LAR, 5:0316–18; Vol. Abraham Alfonse Albert Gallatin was born into a noble and aristocratic Swiss family in Geneva, Switzerland on January 29, 1761. Januar 1761 in Genf, Republik Genf; 12. [ citation needed ] Gallatin's marriage proved to be politically and economically advantageous, as the Nicholsons enjoyed connections in New York, Georgia, and Maryland. [3] He is known for being the founder of New York University and for serving in the Democratic-Republican Party at various federal elective and appointed positions across four decades. USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (Su terreno era parte de Virginia cuando lo compró, pero … [57] After the end of the war, Gallatin negotiated a commercial treaty providing for a resumption of trade between the United States and Britain. [23] In 1794, after Gallatin had been expelled from the Senate and returned to Friendship Hill, the Whiskey Rebellion broke out among disgruntled farmers opposed to the federal collection of the whiskey tax. észak-amerikai államférfi és író. How to Cite This Collection. [36]. In the aftermath of the war, he helped found the Second Bank of the United States. It was authorized by Congress on January 11, 1927. While waiting abroad in the hope of future negotiations, Gallatin was replaced as Secretary of the Treasury by George W. Campbell, with the expectation that Gallatin would take up his old post upon his return to the United States. [67], Gallatin was deeply interested in Native Americans, and he favored their assimilation into European-American culture as an alternative to forced relocation. [73], American politician, diplomat, and scholar. As a public official, he aligned with Anti-Federalists and spent much of his time in the state and national capital of Philadelphia. He represented Pennsylvania in the Senate and the House of Representatives before becoming the longest-tenured United States Secretary of the Treasury and serving as a high-ranking diplomat. US Secretary of the Treasury, 1801-14. [42], Before and after the Louisiana Purchase, Gallatin presided over a major expansion of public land sales. Élete. Albert Gallatin (1761 - 1849) was an American statesman and scholar who served as the United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1801 to 1814 under presidents Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.Expert in finance, Gallatin designed and implemented Jeffersonian Republican fiscal policies by lowering taxes, reducing the national debt, and financing both the Louisiana Purchase and the War of … Patrick and William boarded the Albert Gallatin at Liverpool, previously a great center of the British slave trade. The Gallatin Papers Project was an editing project of faculty of the Department of History that produced a microfilm edition of the papers of Albert Gallatin. As with previous embargo policies pursued by the federal government under Jefferson and Madison, Macon's Bill Number 2 proved to be ineffective at halting the attacks on American shipping. Under Jefferson and James Madison, Gallatin served as secretary from 1801 until February 1814. In History of modern latin america: 1800 to the present (p. 69). Gallatin returned to Congress in 1795 after winning election to the House of Representatives. The National Road linked the town of Cumberland, on the Potomac River, with the town of Wheeling, which sat on the Ohio River. 7955, citing Crown Hill Cemetery, Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana, USA ; Maintained by Find A Grave . [21] The dispute itself had important ramifications. Gallatin was born in Geneva in present-day Switzerland and spoke French as a first language. Catherine, Sophia and Hannah Marie all died as infants. He was one of four American commissioners who would negotiate the treaty, serving alongside Henry Clay, James Bayard, Jonathan Russell, and John Quincy Adams. Albert Gallatin, signature. [53], Madison ordered an invasion of Canada by relying on mostly state militias, but British forces defeated the invasion. [32] Along with Secretary of State Madison and Jefferson himself, Gallatin became one of the three key officials in the Jefferson administration. The U.S. experienced some successes at sea, but were unable to break a British blockade of the United States. Not only was it necessary to extinguish the existing debt as rapidly as possible, he argued, but Congress would have to ensure against the accumulation of future debts by more diligently supervising government expenditures. [71] Prior to his death, Gallatin had been the last surviving member of the Jefferson cabinet and the last surviving senator from the 18th century. [20], Gallatin won election to the Senate in early 1793, and he took his seat in December of that year. In 1812, Congress established the General Land Office as part of the Department of Treasury, charging the new office with overseeing public lands. An opponent of Alexander Hamilton's economic policies, Gallatin was elected to the United States Senate in 1793. Albert Gallatin (Genf, 1761. január 29. He also became president of the National Bank's branch in New York City. However, with the American Revolution only a decade ended, the senators were leery of anything which might hint that they intended to establish an aristocracy, so they opened up their chamber for the first time for the debate over whether to unseat Gallatin. [59] Gallatin considered going into business with his longtime friend, John Jacob Astor, but ultimately he accepted appointment as ambassador to France. He also noted that "the war has laid the foundation of permanent taxes and military establishments...under our former system we were becoming too selfish, too much attached exclusively to the acquisition of wealth...[and] too much confined in our political feelings to local and State objects." Soon after, open sessions became standard procedure for the Senate. The British could have chosen to shift resources to North America after the temporary defeat of Napoleon in April 1814, but, as Gallatin learned from Alexander Baring, many in Britain were tired of fighting. ... « previous 1 2 next ... Now on File in the Offices of the Board of Trade and State Paper Offices in London; Transmitted in 1827 by. [29] During the Quasi-War with France, Gallatin criticized military expenditures and opposed passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts. “[F]or its time,” writes Irish scholar Terry Coleman, “it was gigantic, and so were its warehouses with their cast-iron Doric pillars. Gallatin did not join in the rebellion, but criticized the military response of the President George Washington's administration as an overreaction. Er war Abgeordneter und Senator aus Pennsylvania und von 1801 bis 1814 der am längsten amtierende Finanzminister in der amerikanischen Geschichte. [28] After James Madison declined to seek re-election in 1796, Gallatin emerged as the Democratic-Republican leader in the House of Representatives. – Astoria, New York mellett, 1849. augusztus 12.) He served as a delegate to the 1789 Pennsylvania constitutional convention and won election to the Pennsylvania General Assembly. Danach betätigte er sich … [10] Bored with monotonous Bostonian life, Gallatin and Serre set sail with a Swiss female companion to the settlement of Machias, located on the northeastern tip of the Maine frontier. Abraham Alfonse Albert de Gallatin (* 29. Reluctantly, he drafted and won passage of several new tax laws, as well as an increase in tariff rates. It is named after Albert Gallatin who was the former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, planner of the Lewis and Clark expedition, engineer of the financial details of the Louisiana Purchase and founder of New York University. Birthplace: Geneva, Switzerland Location of death: Astoria, Long Island, NY Cause of deat. In January 1811, the national bank was effectively abolished after the House and the Senate both defeated bills to recharter the national bank in extremely narrow votes. [50] He was also unable to convince Congress to renew the charter of the First Bank of the United States (commonly known as the national bank). [43] To help develop western lands, Gallatin advocated for internal improvements such as roads and canals, especially those that would connect to territories west of the Appalachian Mountains. The Albert Gallatin Area School District is located in the southwestern portion of Fayette County, Pennsylvania. [ citation needed ]. Gallatin served on the American commission that agreed to the Treaty of Ghent, which ended the War of 1812. Negotiations with the British finally commenced in Ghent in mid-1814. Contact Reference Services for more information. From 1801 to February 1814, served as secretary of the treasury in … [52] In June 1812, Madison signed a declaration of war against Britain, beginning the War of 1812. ∗︎ 29.1.1761 (Abraham Alphonse Albert) à Genève, ︎ 12.8.1849 à Astoria (New York), prot., de Genève, Américain dès 1785. [31], Gallatin's mastery of public finance made him the obvious choice as Jefferson's Secretary of the Treasury; as Jefferson put it, Gallatin was "the only man in the United States who understands, through all the labyrinths Hamilton involved it, the precise state of the Treasury." The American statesman, Albert Gallatin, was born in Geneva on the 29th of January 1761. He served in the U.S. Senate and the House of Representatives. He immigrated to the United States in the 1780s, settling in western Pennsylvania. Government Offices in Point Marion, PA. See BBB rating, reviews, complaints, & more. In the mid-1840s, he opposed President James K. Polk's expansionist policies and wrote a widely-read pamphlet, Peace with Mexico, that called for an end to the Mexican–American War. In response, Gallatin sent a letter to Madison, asking for permission to resign and criticizing the president for various actions, including his failure to take a strong stance on the national bank. He considered resigning from government service, but Madison convinced him to stay on as a key cabinet official and adviser. Meade, T. A. Opposition from the Senate convinced Madison to retain Gallatin as Secretary of the Treasury, and Robert Smith instead received the appointment as Secretary of State. By 1812, the U.S. national debt had fallen to $45.2 million. Albert Gallatin He served his adopted country for 60 years as a congressional leader, Secretary of the Treasury, financier, ambassador and has been referred to as America’s Swiss Founding Father. Army moved near, and there was no fighting Gallatin joined with John Russell Bartlett to found Second... 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